[파이썬] 윈도우 UI 기초

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UI 화면 띄우기

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget


class MyApp(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle('My Window')
        # self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 200)   # 윈도우 크기, 위치
        self.move(300, 300)
        self.resize(400, 200)
        self.show()


if __name__ == '__main__':
   app = QApplication(sys.argv)
   ex = MyApp()
   sys.exit(app.exec_())

메뉴 만들기

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QAction, qApp
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon

class MyApp(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        exitAction = QAction(QIcon('exit.png'), 'Exit', self)       # 서부메뉴
        exitAction.setShortcut('Ctrl+Q')
        exitAction.setStatusTip('Exit application')     # 메뉴 상태팁
        exitAction.triggered.connect(qApp.quit)
        self.statusBar()
        
        menubar = self.menuBar()
        menubar.setNativeMenuBar(False)
        filemenu = menubar.addMenu('&File')     # 상단 메인메뉴
        filemenu.addAction(exitAction)

        self.setWindowTitle('Menubar')
        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 200)
        self.show()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = MyApp()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

버튼 만들기

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QLabel, QPushButton

class MyApp(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        label1 = QLabel('Label1', self)
        label1.move(20, 20)
        label2 = QLabel('Label2', self)
        label2.move(20, 60)

        btn1 = QPushButton('Button1', self)
        btn1.move(80, 13)
        btn2 = QPushButton('Button2', self)
        btn2.move(80, 53)

        self.setWindowTitle('Absolute Positioning')
        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 400, 200)
        self.show()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = MyApp()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

레이아웃

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QPushButton, QHBoxLayout, QVBoxLayout

class MyApp(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        okButton = QPushButton('OK')
        cancelButton = QPushButton('Cancel')

        hbox = QHBoxLayout()
        hbox.addStretch(1)      # 빈공간 추가
        hbox.addWidget(okButton)
        hbox.addWidget(cancelButton)
        hbox.addStretch(1)

        vbox = QVBoxLayout()
        vbox.addStretch(3)      # hbox내에서 아래로 밀어내림(3:1 레이아웃)
        vbox.addLayout(hbox)
        vbox.addStretch(1)

        self.setLayout(vbox)

        self.setWindowTitle('Box Layout')
        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 200)
        self.show()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = MyApp()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

압력화면 만들기

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QWidget, QGridLayout, QLabel, QLineEdit, QTextEdit)

class MyApp(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        grid = QGridLayout()
        self.setLayout(grid)

        grid.addWidget(QLabel('Title:'), 0, 0) 
        grid.addWidget(QLabel('Author:'), 1, 0)
        grid.addWidget(QLabel('Review:'), 2, 0)

        grid.addWidget(QLineEdit(), 0, 1)
        grid.addWidget(QLineEdit(), 1, 1)
        grid.addWidget(QTextEdit(), 2, 1)

        self.setWindowTitle('QGridLayout')
        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 200)
        self.show()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = MyApp()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

Event 연결 및 MessageBox 만들기

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QPushButton, QHBoxLayout, QVBoxLayout, QMessageBox

class MyApp(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        okButton = QPushButton('OK')
        cancelButton = QPushButton('Cancel')

        hbox = QHBoxLayout()
        hbox.addStretch(1)      # 빈공간 추가
        hbox.addWidget(okButton)
        hbox.addWidget(cancelButton)
        hbox.addStretch(1)

        vbox = QVBoxLayout()
        vbox.addStretch(3)      # hbox를 아래로 밀어내립니다(3:1 레이아웃)
        vbox.addLayout(hbox)
        vbox.addStretch(1)

        self.setLayout(vbox)

        okButton.clicked.connect(self.btnClickedOk)
        cancelButton.clicked.connect(self.btnClickedCancel)

        self.setWindowTitle('Box Layout')
        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 200)
        self.show()

    def MsgBox(self, msg):
        # QMessageBox.Save | QMessageBox.Cancel | QMessageBox.Reset | QMessageBox.No, QMessageBox.No
        btnMsgBox = QMessageBox.question(
            self, 'Title', msg,
            QMessageBox.Yes
        )

        if btnMsgBox == QMessageBox.Yes:
            print('Yes clicked.')


    def btnClickedOk(self):
        self.MsgBox('O.K')


    def btnClickedCancel(self):
        self.MsgBox('Cancel')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = MyApp()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

여러 도형 그리기

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QApplication
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter, QPen, QColor, QBrush
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt

class MyApp(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 400, 300)
        self.setWindowTitle('Points')
        self.show()

    def paintEvent(self, e):
        qp = QPainter()
        qp.begin(self)
        self.draw_point(qp)
        self.draw_line(qp)
        self.draw_rect(qp)
        qp.end()

    def draw_point(self, qp):
        qp.setPen(QPen(Qt.blue,  8))
        qp.drawPoint(self.width()/2, self.height()/2)

    def draw_line(self, qp):
        qp.setPen(QPen(Qt.blue, 8))
        qp.drawLine(30, 230, 200, 50)
        qp.setPen(QPen(Qt.green, 12))
        qp.drawLine(140, 60, 320, 280)
        qp.setPen(QPen(Qt.red, 16))
        qp.drawLine(330, 250, 40, 190)

    def draw_rect(self, qp):
        qp.setBrush(QColor(180, 100, 160))
        qp.setPen(QPen(QColor(60, 60, 60), 3))
        qp.drawRect(20, 20, 100, 100)

        qp.setBrush(QColor(40, 150, 20))
        qp.setPen(QPen(Qt.blue, 2))
        qp.drawRect(180, 120, 50, 120)

        qp.setBrush(Qt.yellow)
        qp.setPen(QPen(Qt.red, 5))
        qp.drawRect(280, 30, 80, 40)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = MyApp()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

Popup창 연계

여러 개의 파일로 코드 분리하고 Popup창에서 값 연계

run.py

import sys
from multiMain import MainWindow
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    win = MainWindow()
    win.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

multiMain.py

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from multiSub import SubWindow

class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle('Main Window')
        self.setGeometry(100, 100, 300, 200)
        layout = QVBoxLayout()
        layout.addStretch(1)
        label = QLabel("-")
        label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
        font = label.font()
        font.setPointSize(30)
        label.setFont(font)
        self.label = label
        btn = QPushButton("Popup Input Window")
        btn.clicked.connect(self.onbtnClickedPopup)
        layout.addWidget(label)
        layout.addWidget(btn)
        layout.addStretch(1)
        centralWidget = QWidget()
        centralWidget.setLayout(layout)
        self.setCentralWidget(centralWidget)
        self.center()

    def center(self):     # 윈도우의 위치를 가운데로 이동
        qr = self.frameGeometry()
        cp = QDesktopWidget().availableGeometry().center()
        qr.moveCenter(cp)
        self.move(qr.topLeft())

    def onbtnClickedPopup(self):
        win = SubWindow()
        r = win.showModal()
        if r:
            text = win.edit.text()
            self.label.setText(text)

    def show(self):
        super().show()

multiSub.py

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *


class SubWindow(QDialog):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle('Sub Window')
        self.setGeometry(100, 100, 200, 100)
        layout = QVBoxLayout()
        layout.addStretch(1)
        edit = QLineEdit()
        font = edit.font()
        font.setPointSize(20)
        edit.setFont(font)
        self.edit = edit
        subLayout = QHBoxLayout()

        btnOK = QPushButton("O.K")
        btnOK.clicked.connect(self.onbtnClickedOK)
        btnCancel = QPushButton("Cacel")
        btnCancel.clicked.connect(self.onbtnClickedCancel)
        layout.addWidget(edit)

        subLayout.addWidget(btnOK)
        subLayout.addWidget(btnCancel)
        layout.addLayout(subLayout)
        layout.addStretch(1)
        self.setLayout(layout)
        self.center()

    def center(self):     # 윈도우의 위치를 가운데로 이동
        qr = self.frameGeometry()
        cp = QDesktopWidget().availableGeometry().center()
        qr.moveCenter(cp)
        self.move(qr.topLeft())

    def onbtnClickedOK(self):
        self.accept()

    def onbtnClickedCancel(self):
        self.reject()

    def showModal(self):
        return super().exec_()

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[파이썬] 윈도우 UI 기초

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